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Multiparametric Prostate MRI (mpMRI)

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What is Multiparametric Prostate MRI (mpMRI)?

Multiparametric Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI) is an advanced imaging technique used to evaluate the prostate and detect or rule out the presence of prostate cancer. Unlike a conventional MRI, mpMRI combines different imaging sequences to obtain detailed information about the structure and function of the prostate.

What is this diagnostic test used for?

mpMRI is used for:

  • Detecting and characterizing prostate cancer: Helps identify suspicious areas in the prostate and determine the likelihood of them being cancerous.
  • Guiding prostate biopsy: Allows for directing the biopsy to the most suspicious areas, increasing diagnostic accuracy.
  • Evaluating the local extent of prostate cancer: Helps determine if the cancer has spread outside the prostate.
  • Monitoring treatment response: Allows for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment in prostate cancer patients.
  • Follow-up of patients with suspected prostate cancer: In patients with elevated PSA or suspicious digital rectal exam.

Benefits of high technology in mpMRI

mpMRI uses different imaging sequences to obtain comprehensive information about the prostate. These sequences include:

  • T2-weighted images: Provide information about the anatomy of the prostate.
  • Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI): Measures the movement of water molecules in prostate tissue, which can help detect areas with high cellular density, such as cancer.
  • Perfusion imaging (DCE): Evaluates blood flow in the prostate, which can help identify areas with tumor growth.
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How is the procedure performed?

The mpMRI procedure consists of:

  • Preparation:

    In some cases, your doctor may recommend a cleansing enema before the test to obtain clearer images. Additionally, it is important not to apply creams or ointments to the genital area on the day of the study. Generally, fasting is not necessary, but consult your doctor to confirm any specific instructions.
  • During the test:

    You will be asked to lie comfortably on the MRI table. To obtain high-quality images, a special coil will be placed around your pelvis. It is essential to remain as still as possible during the study. Additionally, intravenous contrast (gadolinium) will be administered to improve the visualization of structures. The test lasts approximately 30 to 45 minutes.
  • After the test:

    You can resume your normal activities immediately after the test. A radiologist specializing in urological imaging will analyze the results using the PI-RADS (Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System) system for standardized interpretation. Then, they will be sent to your doctor, who will explain the findings and, if necessary, recommend appropriate treatment.

Recommendations for the test

  • Inform about allergies: Inform us before the test if you have ever had a reaction to gadolinium.
  • Inform about kidney failure: If you have kidney problems, inform your doctor, as gadolinium could be harmful in cases of severe kidney failure.
  • Inform about metallic implants: Tell your doctor and the MRI technician if you have any metallic implants, such as pacemakers, surgical clips, prostheses, or hearing aids.
  • Communicate claustrophobia: If you are concerned about feeling uncomfortable in enclosed spaces, let us know in advance so we can help you feel more at ease during the test.

Are there any risks? 

mpMRI is a safe test, but there are some risks:

  • Allergic reactions to gadolinium: In rare cases, gadolinium can cause allergic reactions.
  • Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF): In patients with severe kidney failure, gadolinium can cause NSF, a rare but serious disease.

For your test to proceed smoothly, we ask that you arrive in advance of your scheduled time. This will allow us to complete the necessary administrative and clinical preparation.

Before the test, we will provide you with the Informed Consent form, a document with important information that you must read and sign.

If your appointment is for a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), it is crucial that you inform us about the presence of pacemakers, metallic objects, prostheses (including dental), tattoos, or medication infusion devices, such as insulin pumps.

These diagnostic tests are very safe, but as with any medical procedure, there is a minimal possibility of incidence.

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